ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF PATHOGENIC FUNGI ISOLATED FROM SOLANUM LYCOPERSICUM (TOMATO) IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE ALMATY REGION

Abstract

Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) is the most important vegetable crop consumed worldwide. One of the main factors limiting its production are fungal diseases. The development of a complex of diseases arising on the basis of certain abiotic and biotic environmental factors, in particular harmful microorganisms, leads to a decrease in fruit yield and has a negative effect on obtaining a high and stable yield of tomatoes. The basis of protective measures is the knowledge of the species composition and biological characteristics of pathogens. Based on this, it is necessary to organize measures to protect tomatoes from phytopathogens and include scientifically based methods that contribute to limiting the development of the disease.

The relevance of the research work lies in the fact that in the conditions of the Karasai district of the Almaty region, fungi related to the Fusarium, Alternaria and Aspergillus found in the tomato variety "Lamador" were identified to the species composition using classical and molecular genetic methods.

The article describes the pathogens of fungal diseases of S. lycopersicum culture. The main diseases of the culture: infection of seedlings, fusarium wilting, brown spotting, rot of fruits during storage. Phytopathological and molecular genetic studies were carried out on the morphological and cultural properties of pathogens isolated from tomato samples with signs of the disease, and identification to the species was carried out. As a result of the joint application of traditional mycological methods, 2 related species of Fusarium were identified from 4 isolates obtained from tomato culture: Fusarium equiseti and Fusarium oxysporum, from related species of Alternaria: Alternaria alternata, as well as from related species of Aspergillus: Aspergillus flavus.