RHIZOBIA STRAIN FOR CREATING BIOFERTILIZER FOR SOYBEAN (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Abstract

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is the leading crop among legumes and its demand in the world will melt away every year. For Kazakhstan, soybean is a strategic crop, as it allows to reduce the protein deficiency in the nutrition of people and animals. However, soybean productivity in Kazakhstan is low compared to other countries. Due to low yields, its production becomes unprofitable. To increase the productivity of soybeans, mineral nitrogen fertilizers are used, which pose a threat to the environment. The solution to the problem of improving the nitrogen nutrition of soybeans is the use of biofertilizers based on rhizobia, which fix atmospheric nitrogen and supply it to plants. The goal of this study was to isolate a novel strain of rhizobia with high nitrogen-fixing activity, effectively forming nodules on soybean roots, increasing seed germination, promoting growth and increasing soybean productivity. From nodules on the roots of soybean plants collected in the fields of the Almaty region of Kazakhstan, a highly effective strain of rhizobia Bradyrhizobium japonicum H7 was isolated. The strain forms a large number of nodules, actively fixes atmospheric molecular nitrogen, improves nitrogen nutrition of plants and increases soybean yield. Under field conditions, it was found that inoculation with strain H7 increases the germination of soybean seeds up to 90%, seeding density by 26-30%, plant length by 25%, and productivity by 9-11 c/ha. Thus, the rhizobia Bradyrhizobium japonicum H7 can be used to create a bacterial fertilizer for soybean culture.